*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--read);font-optical-sizing:auto;font-size:18px;line-height:1.6;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;overflow-x:hidden;min-height:100dvh;display:flex;flex-direction:column}body:after{content:"";position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:9998;pointer-events:none;opacity:.05;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='160' height='160'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.85' numOctaves='2' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}::selection{background:var(--accent);color:var(--paper)}img{display:block;max-width:100%}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.wrap{max-width:var(--maxw);margin:0 auto;padding-inline:var(--gut)}.kicker{font-family:var(--label);font-weight:700;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent)}.eyebrow{font-family:var(--label);font-weight:600;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.22em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}.ph{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--paper-3),var(--accent-deep))}.ph img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;filter:grayscale(1) contrast(1.06) brightness(1.02);transition:transform 1.1s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1)}.ph:after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:var(--accent);mix-blend-mode:multiply;opacity:.32}.ph:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:var(--paper);mix-blend-mode:screen;opacity:.1;z-index:1}.card:hover .ph img,.hero__media:hover img{transform:scale(1.04)}.topbar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-soft)}.topbar .wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;height:38px}.topbar a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.topbar .dot{color:var(--accent);padding-inline:.5em}.masthead{padding-top:clamp(28px,5vw,52px);text-align:center}.masthead__rule{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;justify-content:center;color:var(--muted)}.masthead__rule span{font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.22em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap}.masthead__rule:before,.masthead__rule:after{content:"";height:1px;background:var(--line);flex:1;max-width:230px}.logo{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;font-optical-sizing:auto;font-size:clamp(32px,7.7vw,90px);line-height:.92;letter-spacing:.02em;margin:.12em 0 .08em;font-variation-settings:"SOFT" 0,"opsz" 144}.logo b{font-weight:600;font-style:normal}.tagline{font-family:var(--read);font-style:italic;color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:clamp(15px,2vw,19px)}.nav{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;background:var(--paper);border-top:1px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);margin-top:clamp(24px,4vw,40px)}.nav .wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:clamp(14px,3vw,40px);height:52px;font-family:var(--label);font-weight:600;font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase}.nav a{position:relative;padding:4px 0;color:var(--ink)}.nav a:after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:100%;bottom:-2px;height:2px;background:var(--accent);transition:right .35s ease}.nav a:hover:after{right:0}.nav .search{margin-left:auto}@media(max-width:760px){.nav .wrap{justify-content:flex-start;overflow-x:auto;gap:22px}.nav .search{margin-left:24px}}.hero{padding-top:clamp(34px,6vw,72px);padding-bottom:clamp(34px,6vw,64px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.hero__grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr .95fr;gap:clamp(24px,5vw,60px);align-items:center}.hero__media{position:relative}.hero__media .ph{aspect-ratio:4/5;border-radius:2px}.hero__media .credit{position:absolute;bottom:10px;right:12px;z-index:2;color:var(--paper);font-family:var(--label);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;opacity:.8;writing-mode:vertical-rl}.hero__body .kicker{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:18px}.hero h1{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:340;font-optical-sizing:auto;font-size:clamp(38px,5.6vw,74px);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.012em;font-variation-settings:"SOFT" 0,"opsz" 144}.hero h1 em{font-style:italic;font-weight:380}.hero__dek{font-size:clamp(17px,1.7vw,21px);color:var(--ink-soft);margin-top:24px;max-width:30ch;line-height:1.5}.byline{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-top:28px;font-family:var(--label);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--ink-soft);text-transform:uppercase}.byline .av{width:34px;height:34px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);color:var(--paper);display:grid;place-items:center;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.02em}.byline b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:700}.byline .sep{width:18px;height:1px;background:var(--line)}@media(max-width:820px){.hero__grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.hero__media{order:-1}.hero__media .ph{aspect-ratio:16/10}}.shead{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding-top:clamp(40px,6vw,72px);padding-bottom:22px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.shead h2{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:420;font-size:clamp(24px,3vw,34px);letter-spacing:-.01em}.shead a{font-family:var(--label);font-size:11.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent)}.shead a:hover{color:var(--accent-deep)}.feature{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr;gap:clamp(28px,5vw,56px);padding-top:clamp(34px,5vw,52px)}.grid3{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:clamp(22px,3vw,40px)}@media(max-width:880px){.grid3{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}@media(max-width:620px){.grid3,.feature{grid-template-columns:1fr}}.card{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.card .ph{aspect-ratio:3/2;margin-bottom:18px;border-radius:2px}.card .kicker{margin-bottom:10px}.card h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:420;font-size:clamp(20px,2.1vw,26px);line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.01em}.card h3 a{background-image:linear-gradient(var(--ink),var(--ink));background-size:0% 1px;background-position:0 100%;background-repeat:no-repeat;transition:background-size .4s ease;padding-bottom:2px}.card:hover h3 a{background-size:100% 1px}.card p{color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:15.5px;margin-top:10px;line-height:1.5}.card .meta{margin-top:14px;font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}.card .meta b{color:var(--ink-soft);font-weight:600}.sidelist{border-top:1px solid var(--ink);padding-top:4px}.sideitem{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:16px;padding:20px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);align-items:start}.sideitem .num{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:420;font-size:34px;line-height:1;color:var(--accent);font-style:italic}.sideitem .kicker{font-size:10px;margin-bottom:6px}.sideitem h4{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:440;font-size:18px;line-height:1.16}.sideitem:hover h4{color:var(--accent-deep)}.adslot{border:1px solid var(--line);background:repeating-linear-gradient(135deg,transparent 0 18px,rgba(187,70,38,.03) 18px 19px);text-align:center;padding:30px 20px;margin:clamp(36px,6vw,64px) 0;border-radius:2px}.adslot .tag{font-family:var(--label);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.28em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}.adslot .box{margin-top:14px;height:96px;display:grid;place-items:center;color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--label);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.1em;border:1px dashed var(--line);border-radius:2px}.adslot.inline .box{height:120px;max-width:728px;margin:14px auto 0}.band{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);margin-top:clamp(40px,6vw,80px)}.band .wrap{padding-block:clamp(48px,7vw,88px);display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:48px;align-items:center}.band .kicker{color:var(--paper);opacity:.6}.band h2{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:360;font-size:clamp(28px,4vw,48px);line-height:1.04;margin-top:16px;letter-spacing:-.01em}.band h2 em{font-style:italic}.band p{color:#f6f1e9b3;margin-top:18px;max-width:40ch}.form{display:flex;gap:0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(246,241,233,.4);max-width:420px;margin-left:auto;width:100%}.form input{flex:1;background:none;border:0;color:var(--paper);font-family:var(--read);font-size:18px;padding:14px 4px;outline:none}.form input::placeholder{color:#f6f1e973}.form button{background:none;border:0;color:var(--paper);font-family:var(--label);font-weight:700;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;padding:0 6px}.form button:hover{color:var(--accent)}@media(max-width:760px){.band .wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}.form{margin-left:0}}footer{border-top:1px solid var(--ink);padding-block:clamp(44px,6vw,72px);margin-top:auto}.fgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:40px}.fcol h5{font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:16px}.fcol a{display:block;padding:5px 0;color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:15px}.fcol a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.flogo{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;font-size:34px;letter-spacing:.02em}.fcol p{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;margin-top:10px;max-width:34ch;line-height:1.5}.colophon{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:48px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}@media(max-width:760px){.fgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}.article{padding-top:clamp(28px,4vw,48px)}.crumbs{font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:clamp(24px,4vw,44px)}.crumbs a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.crumbs .s{padding-inline:.6em;color:var(--line)}.ahead{max-width:880px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center}.ahead .kicker{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:22px}.ahead h1{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:340;font-optical-sizing:auto;font-size:clamp(34px,5.6vw,68px);line-height:1.02;letter-spacing:-.015em;font-variation-settings:"SOFT" 0,"opsz" 144}.ahead h1 em{font-style:italic;font-weight:380}.ahead .dek{font-family:var(--read);font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,23px);color:var(--ink-soft);font-style:italic;margin-top:24px;line-height:1.5;max-width:36ch;margin-inline:auto}.ameta{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:14px;margin-top:30px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:var(--label);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-soft)}.ameta .av{width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);color:var(--paper);display:grid;place-items:center;font-weight:700;font-size:13px}.ameta b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:700}.ameta .sep{width:20px;height:1px;background:var(--line)}.sponsored{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:26px auto 0;font-family:var(--label);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:99px;padding:5px 12px}.sponsored:before{content:"";width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent)}.ahero{margin:clamp(34px,5vw,60px) 0 8px}.ahero .ph{aspect-ratio:21/9;border-radius:2px}.cap{font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--muted);margin-top:12px;text-align:center}.abody{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr minmax(0,680px) 1fr;gap:0;margin-top:clamp(30px,4vw,52px)}.toc{grid-column:1;position:sticky;top:78px;align-self:start;padding-right:30px;font-family:var(--label);max-width:230px}.toc h6{font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:14px}.toc a{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--ink-soft);padding:7px 0 7px 14px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);line-height:1.3}.toc a.active{color:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);font-weight:600}@media(max-width:1040px){.abody{grid-template-columns:1fr;max-width:680px;margin-inline:auto}.toc{display:none}}.prose{grid-column:2}.prose>*+*{margin-top:1.35em}.prose p{font-size:19.5px;line-height:1.72;color:#26231e}.prose p.lead:first-letter{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;float:left;font-size:4.6em;line-height:.8;padding:.04em .12em 0 0;color:var(--accent)}.prose h2{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:420;font-size:clamp(26px,3.2vw,36px);line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin-top:1.8em;scroll-margin-top:80px}.prose h2 .hr{display:block;width:42px;height:3px;background:var(--accent);margin-bottom:18px}.prose h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:440;font-size:clamp(20px,2.4vw,26px);line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-.008em;margin-top:1.5em;scroll-margin-top:80px}.prose h4{font-family:var(--label);font-weight:700;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:1.25em}.prose a,.prose a.in{color:var(--accent-deep);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.prose a:hover,.prose a.in:hover{color:var(--accent)}.prose blockquote{margin:1.8em 0;padding:0 0 0 4px;border:0;text-align:center}.prose blockquote p{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:360;font-style:italic;font-size:clamp(24px,3.4vw,34px);line-height:1.2;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.01em}.prose blockquote cite{display:block;margin-top:18px;font-family:var(--label);font-style:normal;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}.prose figure{margin:2em 0}.prose figure .ph{aspect-ratio:16/10;border-radius:2px}.prose figure figcaption{font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--muted);margin-top:10px}.prose ul{padding-left:1.1em}.prose li{font-size:18.5px;line-height:1.6;margin-top:.5em;padding-left:.3em}.prose li::marker{color:var(--accent)}.prose ol{padding-left:1.4em}.prose ol li::marker{color:var(--accent);font-weight:700;font-family:var(--label);font-size:13px}.prose code{background:var(--paper-2);color:var(--accent-deep);padding:.15em .4em;border-radius:3px;font-size:.87em}.prose pre{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:1.4rem 1.6rem;border-radius:2px;overflow-x:auto;margin:1.75em 0}.prose pre code{background:none;color:inherit;padding:0}.prose table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:1.75em 0}.prose th,.prose td{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:.6rem .9rem;text-align:left}.prose th{background:var(--paper-3);font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-soft)}.prose tr:nth-child(2n) td{background:var(--paper-2)}.authorbox{display:flex;gap:22px;align-items:flex-start;max-width:680px;margin:clamp(40px,5vw,64px) auto 0;padding:30px;background:var(--paper-2);border-radius:2px}.authorbox .av{width:64px;height:64px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);color:var(--paper);display:grid;place-items:center;font-family:var(--label);font-weight:700;font-size:20px;flex:none}.authorbox .eyebrow{margin-bottom:6px}.authorbox h4{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:480;font-size:22px}.authorbox p{font-size:15.5px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-top:10px;line-height:1.55}.authorbox .links{margin-top:14px;display:flex;gap:18px;font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent)}.authorbox .links a:hover{color:var(--accent-deep)}.share{max-width:680px;margin:36px auto 0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}.share a{color:var(--ink-soft)}.share a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.faq-list{margin:clamp(28px,4vw,44px) 0}.faq-item{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.faq-item summary{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:420;font-size:clamp(17px,1.8vw,20px);color:var(--ink);padding:18px 0;cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;list-style:none;user-select:none;line-height:1.2}.faq-item summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.faq-item summary:after{content:"+";font-family:var(--label);font-size:20px;font-weight:700;color:var(--accent);flex-shrink:0;transition:transform .25s ease;line-height:1}.faq-item[open] summary:after{content:"−"}.faq-item__answer,.faq-item>p,.faq-item>div{padding:4px 0 20px;color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:17px;line-height:1.65}.pill,.tag{display:inline-block;font-family:var(--label);font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;background:var(--paper-2);color:var(--ink-soft);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:4px 12px;border-radius:99px;margin:2px;transition:background .2s,color .2s,border-color .2s}.pill:hover,.tag:hover{background:var(--accent);color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.page-head{padding:clamp(36px,6vw,72px) 0 clamp(22px,4vw,40px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-align:center}.page-head .eyebrow{margin-bottom:14px}.page-head h1{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:380;font-size:clamp(32px,5vw,60px);line-height:1.04;letter-spacing:-.012em}.page-head p{font-family:var(--read);font-style:italic;color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:clamp(16px,1.8vw,20px);margin-top:14px;max-width:40ch;margin-inline:auto;line-height:1.5}.page-head .count{font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-top:18px}.reveal{opacity:0;transform:translateY(16px);animation:rise .9s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1) forwards}@keyframes rise{to{opacity:1;transform:none}}.d1{animation-delay:.05s}.d2{animation-delay:.15s}.d3{animation-delay:.27s}.d4{animation-delay:.4s}.d5{animation-delay:.52s}[hidden]{display:none!important}.btn{display:inline-block;font-family:var(--label);font-weight:700;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:14px 28px;border-radius:2px;cursor:pointer;transition:background .25s,color .25s,border-color .25s;text-decoration:none;border:2px solid transparent}.btn--accent{background:var(--accent);color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--accent)}.btn--accent:hover{background:var(--accent-deep);border-color:var(--accent-deep);text-decoration:none}.btn--outline{background:transparent;color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink)}.btn--outline:hover{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);text-decoration:none}.btn--ghost{background:none;color:var(--accent);border-color:transparent;padding-inline:4px}.btn--ghost:hover{color:var(--accent-deep)}.content-column{max-width:680px;margin:0 auto;padding-block:clamp(36px,6vw,72px)}.content-column>*+*{margin-top:1.35em}.field{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;margin-bottom:22px}.field label{font-family:var(--label);font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-soft)}.field input,.field textarea,.field select{width:100%;background:var(--paper-2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--read);font-size:17px;padding:12px 16px;border-radius:2px;outline:none;transition:border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s;appearance:none}.field input:focus,.field textarea:focus,.field select:focus{border-color:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #bb46261f}.field input::placeholder,.field textarea::placeholder{color:var(--muted)}.field textarea{min-height:160px;resize:vertical}.search-input{width:100%;background:var(--paper-2);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--read);font-size:17px;padding:12px 16px;outline:none;transition:border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s}.search-input:focus{border-color:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #bb46261f}.page-404{text-align:center;padding:clamp(60px,10vw,120px) var(--gut)}.page-404__code{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:300;font-size:clamp(80px,18vw,180px);line-height:1;color:var(--line);letter-spacing:-.03em}.page-404__message{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:380;font-size:clamp(24px,3.5vw,36px);margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:1.5em}.author-profile{text-align:center;padding:clamp(40px,6vw,72px) 0}.author-profile .av-lg{width:96px;height:96px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);color:var(--paper);display:grid;place-items:center;font-family:var(--label);font-weight:700;font-size:28px;margin:0 auto 24px}.author-profile h1{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:420;font-size:clamp(28px,4vw,44px);letter-spacing:-.01em}.author-profile .bio{max-width:600px;margin:20px auto 0;color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:17px;line-height:1.65}.view-all{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.35rem;font-family:var(--label);font-weight:700;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);transition:gap .2s}.view-all:hover{gap:.6rem;color:var(--accent-deep);text-decoration:none}script[type="application/ld+json"]{display:none!important}